We examined the relationship between plasma omega-3 levels and heart failure (HF), focusing on how this affects mortality in patients with existing HF. Our analysis of the UK Biobank, which included nearly 272,000 participants without HF, showed that higher omega-3 levels were linked to a 21% lower risk of developing HF over nearly 14 years.
For those already diagnosed with HF, higher omega-3 levels significantly reduced the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by around 50%. These findings suggest that boosting omega-3 intake could be beneficial for heart health.
Read More
8
EPA lowers heart rhythm problems
Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents atrial electrocardiographic impairments and atrial fibrillation in high fat diet mice.
We investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) affects heart rhythm, particularly in the context of high-fat diets. In our study, mice were divided into two groups: one received a high-fat diet, while the other’s diet was supplemented with EPA for eight weeks.
We observed that the mice on a high-fat diet experienced severe heart rhythm issues, such as bradycardia and atrial fibrillation (AF). In contrast, the EPA group showed significantly less AF and better heart function. These results suggest that including EPA in the diet could be a promising strategy to support heart health and reduce the risk of arrhythmias.
Read More
9
High-dose omega-3 improves heart function
The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis.
We explored how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can help manage heart failure by analyzing 14 randomized controlled trials involving over 9,000 participants.
Our findings revealed that high doses—between 2000 and 4000 mg daily—taken for at least a year, remarkably improved heart function.
However, lower doses or shorter treatment periods didn’t show the same benefits. Notably, there were no increased risks of adverse events or dropout rates in those taking omega-3 compared to control groups.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Mood and heart benefits
1 people found this helpful
Fish Oil is remarkable! I believe it's assisting with my mood swings. Initially bought for my daughter, we now share it. I've noticed I'm less irritable, and it appears beneficial for heart disease and my autoimmune issues. The softgels are easy to swallow. I recommend purchasing, and I’ll continue using it!
Read More
7.5
Supports heart health
427 people found this helpful
Wonderful! This fish oil is excellent as Omega 3 can reduce the risk of heart disease and improve blood circulation. It enhances cognitive functions and helps lower blood pressure. My family consistently takes omega, and the price-quality ratio is ideal. The capsules are quite large but easy to swallow.
Read More
8
Nervous system benefits
1 people found this helpful
The quality is superb with a halal composition. It's beneficial for heart disease, immunity, and brain development. It’s recommended for pregnant women. Omega 3 has anti-inflammatory properties and is essential for maintaining good health.
We analyzed the impact of different fatty acid-derived acylcarnitines on heart health. The study found that saturated and monounsaturated acylcarnitines, especially trans-elaidoylcarnitine, significantly impaired heart function and mitochondrial activity, leading to cardiotoxicity.
In contrast, omega-3-derived acylcarnitines, like eicosapentaenoylcarnitine and docosahexaenoylcarnitine, were found to be safe, having little to no negative effect on heart function and cell viability. Overall, this research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may be a safer option for those facing cardiac challenges.
Read More
9
High-dose omega-3 improves heart function
The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis.
We explored how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can help manage heart failure by analyzing 14 randomized controlled trials involving over 9,000 participants.
Our findings revealed that high doses—between 2000 and 4000 mg daily—taken for at least a year, remarkably improved heart function.
However, lower doses or shorter treatment periods didn’t show the same benefits. Notably, there were no increased risks of adverse events or dropout rates in those taking omega-3 compared to control groups.
Read More
9
Omega-3 reduces heart disease risk
Association of Plasma Omega-3 Levels With Incident Heart Failure and Related Mortalities.
We examined the relationship between plasma omega-3 levels and heart failure (HF), focusing on how this affects mortality in patients with existing HF. Our analysis of the UK Biobank, which included nearly 272,000 participants without HF, showed that higher omega-3 levels were linked to a 21% lower risk of developing HF over nearly 14 years.
For those already diagnosed with HF, higher omega-3 levels significantly reduced the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by around 50%. These findings suggest that boosting omega-3 intake could be beneficial for heart health.
Read More
9
Omega-3 benefits African Americans’ heart health
Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation.
We observed that the role of omega-3 fatty acids in heart health showed promising results specifically for African Americans. By comparing matched groups from the VITAL trial, we found that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced the risk of myocardial infarction in African Americans, while no such benefit was seen in non-Hispanic whites.
This suggests that genetic or lifestyle factors may influence the effectiveness of these supplements. Our findings highlight the importance of further research to better understand how race affects responses to omega-3 supplementation.
Read More
9
Omega-3 lowers coronary risk
A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events.
We explored the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on heart disease through a significant study known as the VITAL trial. This study involved nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. and aimed to determine the effects of daily EPA supplementation on cardiovascular events over an average follow-up of 5.3 years.
Initially, the results from VITAL seemed to show that omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, by applying Bayesian methods and considering prior research in the field, we observed a more nuanced outcome. Our analysis suggested that taking EPA regularly could significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease events, while not showing similar benefits for stroke.
This finding supports the use of omega-3 fatty acids as a preventive measure for heart health, especially regarding coronary events. Although we didn't find evidence of a benefit for all types of cardiovascular events, the enhanced understanding gained from this reanalysis contributes valuable insights for both clinicians and patients considering omega-3 supplementation for heart disease prevention.
Fish Oil is remarkable! I believe it's assisting with my mood swings. Initially bought for my daughter, we now share it. I've noticed I'm less irritable, and it appears beneficial for heart disease and my autoimmune issues. The softgels are easy to swallow. I recommend purchasing, and I’ll continue using it!
Read More
7.5
Supports heart health
427 people found this helpful
Wonderful! This fish oil is excellent as Omega 3 can reduce the risk of heart disease and improve blood circulation. It enhances cognitive functions and helps lower blood pressure. My family consistently takes omega, and the price-quality ratio is ideal. The capsules are quite large but easy to swallow.
Read More
8
Nervous system benefits
1 people found this helpful
The quality is superb with a halal composition. It's beneficial for heart disease, immunity, and brain development. It’s recommended for pregnant women. Omega 3 has anti-inflammatory properties and is essential for maintaining good health.
Read More
9
Family heart support
Omega 3 can reduce heart disease risk, enhance blood circulation, and improve cognitive functions. My family takes omega regularly, and the capsules are easy to swallow. There were no unpleasant gastrointestinal issues.
Read More
7.5
Improved heart function
1 people found this helpful
Excellent vitamins! After taking them, my skin has improved and my hair is less split. Fish oil is also beneficial for heart disease and blood circulation.
Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart's function and overall health. This umbrella term includes various cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, which is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects present at birth (congenital heart defects). Additionally, heart disease encompasses conditions related to the heart muscle, such as cardiomyopathy, and the heart's valves, which might not open or close properly. The effects of heart disease can be significant, impacting not only physical health but also quality of life, making prevention and timely medical intervention crucial.
Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. Genetics also play a role, as heart disease can run in families. To mitigate the risks, healthcare professionals typically recommend lifestyle changes such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco use. For those already diagnosed with heart disease, treatment options can vary widely, ranging from lifestyle modifications to medications and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Understanding the nature of heart disease and its risk factors is an essential step toward prevention and effective management.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
Omega-3 fish oil has long been touted for its potential heart health benefits, and there is a growing body of research that supports its positive role in cardiovascular health. Omega-3 fatty acids—primarily EPA and DHA, found in fish oil—are known to help reduce inflammation, lower triglyceride levels, and may improve arterial function. Studies suggest that regular consumption of omega-3s can lead to a modest reduction in the risk of heart disease, particularly for those with existing cardiovascular conditions or elevated risk factors.
However, it's essential to note that while omega-3 fish oil can be beneficial, it should not be seen as a standalone treatment for heart disease. It's most effective when used in conjunction with a heart-healthy lifestyle, which includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and other preventative measures. As always, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially for individuals with existing health issues or those on medication. Keep in mind that the effectiveness can vary from person to person, depending on individual health profiles and dietary needs.
Based on user reviews, the timeline for seeing results from taking fish oil supplements for heart disease can vary. Several users note improvements in various health conditions, including heart disease, mood, and blood circulation, but specific timeframes are not explicitly stated. For instance, one reviewer mentions feeling less irritable and experiencing indirect benefits for heart disease after starting the supplement, suggesting a positive change but not quantifying the duration Read Review.
Another user highlights the effects of Omega 3 on reducing heart disease risk while acknowledging consistent use among family members, which might imply a longer-term commitment to see significant benefits Read Review. Given these insights, users seem to experience enhancements in various aspects of health potentially within weeks, but a more precise timeline might depend on individual health conditions and consistent use of the supplement. Therefore, while some report improvements sooner, a consistent routine is suggested for optimal results.
Based on the latest research, omega-3 supplements, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), show promising support for heart health and may play a significant role in reducing the risk of heart disease. Studies indicate that higher plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a decreased risk of conditions such as heart failure and coronary heart disease. Notably, individuals with elevated omega-3 levels displayed a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality and sudden cardiac death, suggesting that increasing omega-3 intake can be beneficial for heart health ([9]; [19]; [1]).
Additionally, specific trials like REDUCE-IT have shown that EPA can reduce major cardiovascular events in high-risk patients, even those with stable LDL cholesterol levels ([5]). However, while there are significant benefits observed, it is essential to approach omega-3 supplementation carefully, as some studies indicated possible risks regarding arrhythmias with higher dosages ([8]; [11]). Overall, the evidence supports considering omega-3 fatty acids as a strategic supplement for enhancing heart health, though further research is needed to address potential concerns and refine dosage recommendations.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported notable improvements in various symptoms after taking fish oil supplements. A common theme arises around mood stabilization; for example, one user notes a significant decrease in irritability and mood swings, linking these improvements to both their personal experience and benefits for heart disease and autoimmune issues Read Review. Furthermore, users frequently mention enhancements in cognitive function, as well as its role in improving blood circulation and lowering blood pressure, indicating an overall positive effect on both mental and physical health Read Review.
Additionally, fish oil is praised for its anti-inflammatory properties, which seem to contribute positively to skin health and hair condition, as one user pointed out a marked improvement in both Read Review. While results vary among individuals—some observe benefits regarding allergy symptoms or digestive comfort—consistent use appears to be a recurring recommendation for those looking to maximize the potential positive outcomes of fish oil supplementation Read Review. Individual results can vary, but overall, the reviews indicate a general consensus of health improvements associated with Omega 3 consumption.
Based on user reviews, many individuals combining fish oil with other supplements report positive outcomes for managing heart disease. One user pointed out the supplement's anti-inflammatory properties that contribute not only to heart health but also to overall well-being, and they noted improvements in mood and autoimmune issues as additional benefits Read Review. Furthermore, another reviewer highlighted the synergistic effects of fish oil in enhancing cognitive functions and improving blood circulation, underscoring its multifaceted benefits for heart health Read Review.
Users seem to favor consistent use of fish oil alongside other supplements or lifestyle modifications, implying a comprehensive approach to health. One reviewer mentioned their entire family regularly consumes omega supplements, indicating a potential family-oriented strategy that may help mitigate heart disease risk collectively Read Review. Overall, the reviews portray fish oil as a valuable contributor when combined with other health measures, showcasing its importance in a holistic strategy for improving heart health.
According to recent research, the optimal dose of Omega-3 Fish Oil for treating heart disease appears to be between 2000 to 4000 mg daily. A comprehensive analysis encompassing 14 randomized controlled trials, which included more than 9,000 participants, revealed that this dosage significantly enhanced heart function when taken for a duration of at least one year [6]. The study found that higher doses provided benefits without increasing risks of adverse events, highlighting the potential of Omega-3 supplementation as a supportive treatment option for heart conditions.
Moreover, additional studies suggested that specific formulations of Omega-3, like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), could further reduce cardiovascular risks, particularly in high-risk patients [5]. It’s important to note that while these findings point to the effectiveness of higher doses, individuals should consult healthcare professionals before starting any supplementation, especially considering the complexity and variability in responses based on personal health status.
9
Mood and heart benefits
1 people found this helpful
Fish Oil is remarkable! I believe it's assisting with my mood swings. Initially bought for my daughter, we now share it. I've noticed I'm less irritable, and it appears beneficial for heart disease and my autoimmune issues. The softgels are easy to swallow. I recommend purchasing, and I’ll continue using it!
9
Family heart support
Omega 3 can reduce heart disease risk, enhance blood circulation, and improve cognitive functions. My family takes omega regularly, and the capsules are easy to swallow. There were no unpleasant gastrointestinal issues.
7.5
Supports heart health
427 people found this helpful
Wonderful! This fish oil is excellent as Omega 3 can reduce the risk of heart disease and improve blood circulation. It enhances cognitive functions and helps lower blood pressure. My family consistently takes omega, and the price-quality ratio is ideal. The capsules are quite large but easy to swallow.
7.5
Improved heart function
1 people found this helpful
Excellent vitamins! After taking them, my skin has improved and my hair is less split. Fish oil is also beneficial for heart disease and blood circulation.
7.5
Allergy reduction
Great value! Fish oil can reduce allergy symptoms and protects blood vessels. The taste is not too fishy, and the dose of omega is sufficient.
9
Omega-3 reduces heart disease risk
Association of Plasma Omega-3 Levels With Incident Heart Failure and Related Mortalities.
We examined the relationship between plasma omega-3 levels and heart failure (HF), focusing on how this affects mortality in patients with existing HF. Our analysis of the UK Biobank, which included nearly 272,000 participants without HF, showed that higher omega-3 levels were linked to a 21% lower risk of developing HF over nearly 14 years.
For those already diagnosed with HF, higher omega-3 levels significantly reduced the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by around 50%. These findings suggest that boosting omega-3 intake could be beneficial for heart health.
8
Eicosapentaenoic Acid reduces heart risks
Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Potential Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
We evaluated the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on heart disease, specifically focusing on its potential to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and cardiovascular mortality (CVD mortality). Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we gathered insights from 10 prospective cohort studies involving a total of 310,955 participants over an average follow-up period of 8.7 years.
Our analysis revealed that higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, including EPA, in the blood were associated with a lower risk of both SCD and CVD mortality. Specifically, we found that individuals with high circulating levels of EPA and other omega-3s had a significantly reduced hazard ratio of 0.55 for SCD compared to those with lower levels. This suggests a protective effect linked to increased EPA intake.
Furthermore, our sub-analysis indicated that higher percentages of EPA and another omega-3 called DHA in the blood also correlated with a reduced risk of adverse cardiac events. These findings highlight the promising role of EPA as a beneficial component in cardiovascular health strategies.
Overall, the evidence suggests that increasing our intake of EPA could serve as an effective measure to lessen the incidence of serious heart-related issues, making it a topic worth considering in future dietary recommendations.
8
Omega-3 reduces heart disease risk
Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial.
We explored the effectiveness of icosapent ethyl, a form of omega-3 fish oil, in lowering heart disease rates among high-risk patients with varying cholesterol levels.
In a clinical trial with statin-treated individuals who had elevated triglycerides, it was found that those taking icosapent ethyl experienced significantly fewer cardiovascular events compared to those on a placebo.
Notably, this benefit was seen regardless of their baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, indicating positive outcomes even for patients with well-controlled cholesterol.
8
Omega-3s beneficial for heart health
Recent developments, challenges, and prospects of dietary omega-3 PUFA-fortified foods: Focusing on their effects on cardiovascular diseases.
We explored the effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on heart disease and their potential in food fortification. Recent clinical trials indicate that incorporating omega-3 PUFAs into our diets can significantly lower the risk of heart disease, improve blood pressure, and enhance lipid profiles.
Food fortification with omega-3s has seen advancements in technology, including methods that ensure stability and bioaccessibility. While there’s promising data supporting omega-3s for better heart health, we recognize that more research is needed to fully harness their benefits for cardiovascular disease prevention.
7
EPA shows promise for heart health
Eicosapentaenoic acid induces macrophage Mox polarization to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy.
We examined the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), a condition that can lead to heart failure. In our study, EPA was found to protect against DC in diabetic mice by targeting harmful macrophages.
Interestingly, EPA shifted the macrophages from a damaging state to a protective one. This change helps reduce injury to heart cells, showcasing EPA's potential as a new treatment approach for managing heart issues in diabetes.
Overall, we discovered that EPA could play a significant role in heart health for those suffering from diabetes.
9
High-dose omega-3 improves heart function
The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis.
We explored how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can help manage heart failure by analyzing 14 randomized controlled trials involving over 9,000 participants.
Our findings revealed that high doses—between 2000 and 4000 mg daily—taken for at least a year, remarkably improved heart function.
However, lower doses or shorter treatment periods didn’t show the same benefits. Notably, there were no increased risks of adverse events or dropout rates in those taking omega-3 compared to control groups.
References
Liepinsh E, Gukalova B, Krims-Davis K, Kuka J, Leduskrasta A, et al. EPA and DHA acylcarnitines are less cardiotoxic than are saturated and monounsaturated long-chain acylcarnitines. Biofactors. 2025;51:e70014. doi:10.1002/biof.70014
Xu J, Peng T, Kong L, Wei N. A global analysis of the burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to diet low in ω-3 fatty acids between 1990 and 2021. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025;25:188. doi:10.1186/s12872-025-04620-z
Horii K, Ono K, Sumi T, Higashihara M, Zaima N, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents atrial electrocardiographic impairments and atrial fibrillation in high fat diet mice. J Physiol Sci. 2025;75:100014. doi:10.1016/j.jphyss.2025.100014
Dawczynski C, Drobner T, Weidauer T, Schlattmann P, Kiehntopf M, et al. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors by the diet - Evaluation of the MoKaRi concept by a parallel-designed randomized study. Lipids Health Dis. 2025;24:88. doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02500-1
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Tseng PT, Zeng BY, Hsu CW, Liang CS, Stubbs B, et al. The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr. 2025;16:100366. doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100366
Hemmati R, Bahrami Zanjanbar D, Shishesaz MI, Soleimani A, Yari T. The impact of Omega-3 supplementation on arrhythmia reduction in acute coronary syndrome patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2025;22:173. doi:10.1515/jcim-2024-0427
Wang Y, Wu G, Wang Y, Rehman A, Yu L, et al. Recent developments, challenges, and prospects of dietary omega-3 PUFA-fortified foods: Focusing on their effects on cardiovascular diseases. Food Chem. 2025;470:142498. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142498
Jawad MA, O'Keefe JH, Tintle N, O'Keefe EL, Franco WG, et al. Association of Plasma Omega-3 Levels With Incident Heart Failure and Related Mortalities. Mayo Clin Proc. 2024;99:1895. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.08.007
Lee YQ, Tan KH, Chong MF. Biomarkers of PUFA and cardiovascular risk factors and events in healthy Asian populations: a systematic review. Br J Nutr. 2024;132:1474. doi:10.1017/S0007114524002708
Li J, Nan W, Huang X, Meng H, Wang S, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid induces macrophage Mox polarization to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy. EMBO Rep. 2024;25:5507. doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00271-x
Ryuno Y, Kobayashi JI, Fujimoto Y, Dotare T, Matsue Y, et al. Effect of an Enteral Formula Enriched With ω-3 Fatty Acids, Carnitine, and Vitamin D on Body Weight, Heart Weight, and Blood Biochemical Parameters in a Dahl Rat Heart Failure Model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2024;84:590. doi:10.1097/FJC.0000000000001637
Sun S, Hara A, Johnstone L, Hallmark B, Watkins JC, et al. Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16172933
Ahmadi M, Askari VR, Shahri B, Mousavi Noghab SM, Jarahi L, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids effectively mitigate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) biomarker of inflammation in acute myocardial infarction patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025;398:881. doi:10.1007/s00210-024-03330-1
Chen HC, Tai CJ, Huang JY, Kuo TA, Huang YD, et al. Associations of fish oil with cardiovascular disease events: results from the Taiwan longitudinal study in aging. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:1979. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19512-8
Yu Y, Gao M, Xu H. Ginger Extract and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation: A Promising Strategy to Improve Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Physiol Res. 2024;73:351.
Hamaya R, Cook NR, Sesso HD, Buring JE, Manson JE. A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.028
Patil T, Gregory M, Savona N, Jarmukli N, Leonard CE. Evaluating the Real-World Safety of Icosapent Ethyl Versus Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Nationwide US Veterans Cohort: Examining Atrial Fibrillation and Bleeding Endpoints. Clin Drug Investig. 2025;45:69. doi:10.1007/s40261-024-01417-4
Kim JY, Kong SYJ, Jung E, Cho YS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Potential Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2024;14. doi:10.3390/jcm14010026
Capece U, Gugliandolo S, Morciano C, Avolio A, Splendore A, et al. Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake: Current Outlook and Perspectives for a Novel, Nutritionally Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factor. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16244318
Fukuda T, Nakajima T, Hasegawa T, Amano H, Arikawa T, et al. Relationship Between Serum ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentration and Fatty Acid Fraction of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus. 2024;16:e73417. doi:10.7759/cureus.73417
O'Keefe EL, O'Keefe JH, Abuissa H, Metzinger M, Murray E, et al. Omega-3 and Risk of atrial fibrillation: Vagally-mediated double-edged sword. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2024.11.003
Choi GY, Calder PC. The differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular risk factors: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1423228. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1423228
Amangurbanova M, Daher R, Asbeutah AA, Vemuri B, Mirza H, et al. Higher epicardial adipose tissue volume is associated with higher coronary fatty plaque volume and is regulated by waist circumference but not EPA+DHA supplementation. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18:e773. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.06.006
Kumakura H, Funada R, Matsuo Y, Iwasaki T, Nakashima K, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Level Predicts Long-Term Survival and Cardiovascular or Limb Event in Peripheral Arterial Disease. Ann Vasc Dis. 2024;17:135. doi:10.3400/avd.oa.23-00079
Xiao Y, Chen Y, Pietzner A, Elbelt U, Fan Z, et al. Circulating Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels in Coronary Heart Disease: Pooled Analysis of 36 Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16111610
Asbeutah AA, Daher R, Malik A, Hariri E, Alfaddagh A, et al. The Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in Subjects With Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Am J Cardiol. 2024;225:98. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.06.001
Sudo Y, Morimoto T, Tsushima R, Oka A, Sogo M, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid and the Outcomes in Older Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13:e033969. doi:10.1161/JAHA.123.033969
Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520